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Active ingredients
Cromoglicic acid
Release form
Spray
Composition
Sodium cromoglycate 5 mg Auxiliary substances: Povidone K30, macrogol (polyethylene glycol) 600, hydrofluoroalkane (HFA-227).
Pharmacological effect
Intal refers to anti-allergic anti-inflammatory anti-asthma drugs. The active substance of this drug is sodium cromoglycate. When used systematically, it reduces the symptoms of allergic inflammation in the respiratory system. Sodium cromoglyc inhibits both the early and late stages of an allergic reaction, preventing mast cell degranulation and the release of inflammatory mediators (histamine, bradykinin, slow-reacting substance, leukotrienes, prostaglandins). Thanks to these properties, Intal prevents bronchospasm caused by contact with an allergen or other provocative factors (cold air, physical stress, stress). In addition, it allows to reduce the intake of other anti-asthma drugs (bronchodilators, glucocorticosteroids). The effect of the drug develops gradually. After 4-6 weeks of using Intal, the frequency of attacks of bronchial asthma decreases. Treatment should be long. With the abolition of the drug may resume attacks of asthma. For the relief of acute attacks of bronchial asthma, the drug is not used.
Pharmacokinetics
After administration by inhalation, the maximum concentration of sodium cromoglycate is reached in approximately 15 minutes. Sodium cromoglycate is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Only 8% of the administered dose undergoes systemic absorption. T1 / 2 is 46-99 minutes (about 80 minutes on average). Sodium cromoglycate is not metabolized. It is excreted unchanged in the urine and bile in approximately equal amounts. The rest of the drug is removed from the lungs with a current of exhaled air or is deposited on the walls of the oropharynx, then swallowed (less than 2% without significant absorption) and removed from the body through the digestive tract.
Indications
- prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma (including physical stress asthma) in children and adults.
Contraindications
- children's age up to 5 years; - hypersensitivity to any components of the drug. The drug should be used with caution to treat patients with impaired renal function and liver. It should take place under the constant supervision of a physician (it is advisable to reduce the dose).If eosinophilic pneumonia occurs, the drug should be discontinued.
Precautionary measures
Do not exceed recommended doses.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
The drug should not be prescribed to women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Cromoglycate sodium can be prescribed by a doctor only when the expected benefit for a pregnant or nursing woman outweighs the possible risk to the fetus or infant.
Dosage and administration
Adults (including the elderly) and children - 2 inhalations 4 times / day. When the optimal therapeutic effect is achieved, you can switch to a maintenance dose (1 inhalation 4 times / day), providing optimal control of the disease. In severe cases, as well as with a high concentration of allergens, the dose of the drug can be increased to 2 inhalations 6-8 times per day. After achieving a therapeutic effect, it is not necessary to suddenly stop using Intal. If necessary, the abolition of the drug produced gradually over a week. Symptoms may be resumed during dose reduction. Additional supplementation may be made immediately before exercise to prevent asthma of physical exertion or before contact with suspected allergens. With concomitant therapy with bronchodilators, they must be taken before Inthal inhalation. In patients receiving corticosteroids, Intala is added may allow to significantly reduce the dose or completely abandon them. The main effective treatment is correct the use of an inhaler ingalyatora.Ispolzovanie children is recommended only under the supervision vzroslyh.Primenenie ingalyatoraPri first use should shake the inhaler and click once or twice on the metering klapan.Pri inhalation should adhere to the following instructions: Remove the dust cap. Inspect the inner and outer surfaces of the mouthpiece (tip) to make sure they are clean. Shake the inhaler vigorously. Hold the inhaler upright by placing your thumb on the base of the can. Make the fullest possible exhalation, then insert the mouthpiece into the mouth between the teeth (but not biting it) and tightly clasp your lips. Starting to inhale air through the mouth, press the base of the can so that the dose of Intal is sprayed; at the same time keep calm and deep breath. Hold your breath, remove the inhaler from the mouth.Continue to hold your breath as much as possible. If you need to immediately enter a second dose of Intal, repeat the procedure. After inhalation, always close the mouthpiece with a dust cap.
Side effects
The drug can cause irritation of the upper respiratory tract, dryness in the mouth, unpleasant taste, hoarseness, cough, short-term bronchospasm. In the case of recurrent bronchospasm, bronchodilator pre-inhalation is done, and the cough is calmed with water intake immediately after inhalation. As with any inhalation therapy, immediately after inhalation, bronchospasm can suddenly develop. In this case, you should stop taking the drug and assign another treatment to the patient. The adverse effects mentioned above can be reduced by using Intal with the spacer together. The rare adverse events include anaphylaxis, headaches and dizziness, painful or difficult urination, frequent urination, nausea and rash. After drug withdrawal, exacerbation of bronchial asthma, eosinophilic lung infiltration is possible. Cases of eosinophilic pneumonia were rarely observed.
Overdose
Sodium cromoglycate has low toxicity, so the risk of overdose and the development of any toxic effects is small.
Interaction with other drugs
Cromoglycate sodium can be used in combination with bronchodilators and glucocorticosteroids.
special instructions
For relief of bronchospasm, the drug is not used. With concomitant therapy with bronchodilators, they must be taken before Intal inhalation. The maintenance dose of glucocorticosteroids can usually be reduced, and in some cases, completely canceled. must exceed 10% per week.