Cefazolin powder for injection vial 1g N1
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Active ingredients
Cefazolin
Release form
Powder
Composition
1 bottle contains: Cefazolin (in the form of sodium salt) 1000 mg
Pharmacological effect
Cefazolin is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and therefore used in / m or / in. After i / m administration in a dose of 500 mg Cmax in plasma is achieved in 1-2 hours it is 30 mcg / ml. Binding to plasma proteins is about 85%. Cefazolin penetrates bone tissue, ascitic fluid, pleural and synovial fluid, but not determined in the CNS.T1 / 2 cefazolin from plasma is about 1.8 h. Cefazolin is excreted in the urine unchanged, mainly by glomerular filtration and to a small extent by tubular secretion. After i / m administration, at least 80% of the dose after i / m administration is eliminated after 24 hours. After i / m administration in doses of 500 mg and 1 g, Cmax in urine is 1 mg / ml and 4 mg / ml, respectively. There is evidence of a high concentration of cefazolin in bile, although it is excreted in this way in a small amount. T1 / 2 from plasma increases in patients with impaired renal function.
Pharmacokinetics
Cephalosporin antibiotic I generation broad-spectrum. Has a bactericidal effect. Active against gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp. (strains producing and not producing penicillinase), Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae), Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bacillus anthracis; Grammy Nets: Neisseria bacteria.
Indications
Acute and chronic bronchitis; infected bronchiectasis; pneumonia caused by bacteria (not fungi or viruses); bronchopneumonia; chest infections that developed after surgery (for example, after puncture, etc.); pleural empyema; lung abscess; otitis media; tonsillitis; mastoiditis; acute and chronic pyelonephritis; cystitis; urethritis; prostatitis; gonorrhea; skin infections; cellulite; mastitis; erysipelas; carbuncles; infected gangrene; infection on the wound or burn surface; infection of the skin or soft tissue after surgery; eye infection; osteomyelitis; septic arthritis; biliary tract infections; post-abortion infection; uterine infection; salpingitis; pelvic abscess; endocarditis; syphilis; sepsis; peritonitis.
Contraindications
If you are allergic to any other antibiotics from the cephalosporins group, Cefazolin is strictly prohibited for use. If a person is allergic to penicillin antibiotics, then Cefazolin is administered carefully, preparing a kit for dealing with anaphylactic shock, since there is cross-allergenicity between these two groups of drugs. Also, the antibiotic is contraindicated for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Cefazolin is not administered to infants up to 1 month since there is no scientifically confirmed information about its safety for newborns.
Precautionary measures
Patients with a history of allergic reactions to penicillins, carbapenems, may have an increased sensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics. During treatment with cefazolin, it is possible to obtain positive (direct and indirect) Coombs samples and false-positive urine tests for glucose.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
When pregnancy is prescribed only for health reasons (adequate and strictly controlled studies have not been conducted).
Dosage and administration
1. Mild infections caused by cocci (staphylococci, streptococci) require the use of Cefazolin in a dose of 500 mg - 1 g every 12 hours. You can enter 500 mg every 8 hours. The maximum daily dose is 1.5-2 g. 2. Acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections (urethritis, cystitis, etc.) - Cefazolin is administered at 1 g every 12 hours. The daily dose of the antibiotic is 2 g. 3. Pneumonia caused by pneumococci requires the administration of Cefazolin, 500 mg every 12 hours. The daily dosage of the antibiotic is 1 g. 4. Severe or moderate infections require the use of Cefazolin 500 mg - 1 g every 6 to 8 hours. The daily dose is 3 to 4 g. 5. Infections that threaten life are treated by administering 1 to 1.5 g of Cefazolin every 6 hours. At the same time a person receives 4 - 6 g of antibiotic per day. It is possible to increase the dosage of Cefazolin up to 12 g per day in case of a serious condition of a person, when there is a question of life and death. Elderly people who do not have impaired renal function receive Cefazolin in the usual adult dosage.
Side effects
Gastrointestinal tract. The most common side effects include loss of appetite, glossitis, heartburn, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Less likely to develop candidiasis or pseudomembranous colitis.According to laboratory tests, it is possible to increase the activity of alkaline phosphatase, AST and ALT (drug-induced hepatitis), as well as an increase in the concentration of bilirubin in the blood (congestive jaundice). Allergic reactions. An antibiotic can cause the development of hypersensitivity reactions, which are manifested by drug fever, skin rash (urticaria), itching, spasm of the respiratory tract and an increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood. In rare cases, development of angioedema, joint pain, allergic nephritis, anaphylactic shock, or exudative erythema multiforme is possible. Blood system Rarely enough, Cefazolin can lead to a decrease in the number of neutrophils, platelets and leukocytes in the blood. This decrease in blood cells is reversible, their normal number is restored after discontinuation of the drug. Isolated cases of bleeding disorders and the formation of hemolytic anemia were detected. Urinary system. An increase in the concentration of urea and creatinine in the blood is possible according to laboratory tests. With the use of large doses of antibiotic may impair the functional activity of the kidneys. In this case, the dosage of Cefazolin is reduced, and further treatment is carried out under constant control of the concentration of urea and creatinine in the blood. Local reactions. The main local reaction is severe pain when the antibiotic is administered. In some cases, a seal may form at the injection site. In rare cases, intravenous administration of an antibiotic can trigger the development of phlebitis. Other organs and systems. Cefazolin can cause side effects such as dizziness, a feeling of pressure in the chest, cramps, dysbacteriosis, the addition of another infection, candidiasis (candidal stomatitis or vaginitis). With the development of candidiasis or the addition of another infection, it is necessary to resolve the issue of the further feasibility of using Cefazolin.
Overdose
An overdose of Cefazolin may cause headache, dizziness, and paresthesia. In the case of chronic renal failure, the patient may experience neurotoxic effects, with generalized clonic-tonic convulsions, increased convulsive readiness, tachycardia, and vomiting noted.With toxic reactions, as well as with symptoms of an overdose of Cefazolin, the drug can be accelerated by hemodialysis. In this case, peritoneal dialysis will be ineffective.
Interaction with other drugs
With simultaneous use with loop diuretics, tubular secretion of cefazolin is not blocked (this combination is not recommended). Cefazolin can cause disulfiram-like reactions while used with ethanol. A probenecid disrupts the excretion of cefazolin.
special instructions
It is used with caution in renal dysfunction. In patients with hypersensitivity to penicillins, allergic reactions to cephalosporin antibiotics are possible. A false-positive reaction of urine to sugar is possible during treatment. Cefazolin is eliminated during hemodialysis.