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Active ingredients
Doxycycline
Composition
1 capsule contains: doxycycline hydrochloride 100 mg
Pharmacological effect
Doxycycline is a semisynthetic tetracycline antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity, it has a bacteriostatic effect. Penetrating into the cell, acts on intracellularly located pathogens. Suppresses the synthesis of proteins in the microbial cell, disrupting the linkage of transport aminoacyl-ribonucleic acids with the 30S subunit of the ribosomal membrane. In vitro doxycycline is active against gram-positive microorganisms - Staphylococcus spp. (including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis), Streptococcusspp. (including Streptococcuspneumoniae), Clostridiumspp., Listeriaspp. . and gram-negative microorganisms - Neisseriagonorrhoeae, Neisseriameningitidis, Haemophilusinfluenzae, Klebsiellaspp., Entamoebahistolytica, Escherichiacoli, Enterobacter, Salmonellaspp., Yersiniaspp. (formerly Pasteurella spp.), Bacteroides spp., Treponema spp. (including strains resistant to other antibiotics, for example, to modern penicillins and cephalosporins). The most sensitive are Haemophilus influenzae (91-96%) and extracellular parasites. Doxycycline is active against most pathogens of especially dangerous and dangerous infectious diseases: plague (Y.pestis), tularemia (Francisella tularensis), anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) microbes, Vibrio cholerae (V.cholerae), Rickettsia spp. brucellosis (Brucella spp.), causative agents of glanders, ornithosis, psittacosis, legionella, trachoma, venereal granuloma (Chlamidia pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia granulomatosis). It acts on most strains of Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi. Doxycycline surpasses natural tetracyclines in the degree of antibacterial activity. Unlike tetracycline and oxytetracycline, it has a higher therapeutic efficacy even with the introduction of 10 times smaller doses and a longer duration of action. To a lesser extent than other antibiotics of the tetracycline series, it inhibits the intestinal flora, differs from them by a more complete absorption and a longer duration of action. There is cross-resistance to other tetracyclines, as well as penicillins.
Indications
Infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by susceptible microorganisms: respiratory tract infections (pharyngitis, acute and chronic bronchitis, tracheitis, bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia, lung abscess, pleural empyema). Infections of the upper respiratory tract (otitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, etc.). Inf. genitourinary system (cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, urethritis, urethrocystitis, urogenital mycoplasmosis, endometritis, endocervicitis, acute orhiepididymitis. Gonorrhea). Infections of the biliary tract and gastrointestinal tract (cholecystitis, cholangitis) roenterokolit, bacillary dysentery, diarrhea, "traveler").Infections of skin and soft tissues (cellulitis, abscesses, furunculosis, panaritiums, infected burns, wounds, etc.). Infectious eye diseases, syphilis, yaw), yersiniosis, legionellosis, rickettsiosis, chlamydia of various localization (including Prostatitis and proctitis) , fever ku, spotty fever of rocky mountains, typhus (including loose, tick-borne, relapsing), lime disease (i st. Erythema migrans), bacillary and amoebic dysentery, tularemia, cholera, actinomycosis, malaria. As part of combination therapy, leptospirosis, trachoma, psittacosis, ornithosis, granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Whooping cough, brucellosis, osteomyelitis. Sepsis, subacute septic endocarditis, peritonitis. Prevention of postoperative purulent complications. Plasmodium falciparum malaria in short-term travels (less than 4 months) in an area where chloroquine-resistant and / or pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine-resistant strains are common. Patients under 65 years of age are expected to have exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (including On the background of asthma) without comorbidities (these exacerbations are often caused by haemophilus influenzae). It is effective in exacerbation of bronchopulmonary infection (usually staphylococcal etiology) in patients with cystic fibrosis, chlamydial arthritis, granulocytic ehrlichiosis. In elderly patients, it is used to treat acute prostatitis and urinary infection caused by escherichia coli.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to doxycycline, components of the drug, other tetracyclines. Lactase deficiency. Lactose intolerance. Glucose-galactose malabsorption. Porphyria. Severe liver failure. Leukopenia Children's age (up to 12 years the possibility of the formation of insoluble complexes with calcium ions (Ca2 +) with deposition in the bone skeleton, enamel and dentin of the teeth). Children aged 12 years and up to 45 kg.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
It penetrates the placental barrier, is determined in breast milk. The experiment found that doxycycline may have a toxic effect on the development of the fetus (delayed development of the skeleton).
Dosage and administration
Inside, in adults and children over 12 years old with a body weight of more than 45 kg, the average daily dose is 200 mg on the first day (divided into 2 doses - 100 mg 2 times a day), then 100 mg / day.With chronic urinary system infections - 200 mg / day throughout the entire period of therapy. In the treatment of gonorrhea, prescribed according to one of the following schemes: acute uncomplicated urethritis - a course dose of 500 mg (1 dose - 300 mg, the next 2 - 100 mg each with an interval of 6 hours) or 100 mg / day to full recovery (in women) 100 mg 2 times a day for 7 days (for men). in complicated forms of gonorrhea, the course dose is -800-900 mg, which is divided into 6-7 doses (300 mg - 1 dose, then with an interval of 6 hours for 5-6 subsequent). In the treatment of syphilis - 300 mg / day for at least 10 days. For uncomplicated infections of the urethra, cervix and rectum caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, 100 mg are prescribed 2 times a day for at least 7 days. Infections of the male genital organs - 100 mg 2 times a day for 4 weeks. Treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria - 200 mg / day for 7 days (in combination with schizontocidal drugs - quinine). Malaria prophylaxis -100 mg 1 time per day 1-2 days before the trip, then daily during the trip and for 4 weeks after returning. Diarrhea "travelers" (prevention) - 200 mg on the first day of the trip (for 1 reception or 100 mg 2 times a day), 100 mg 1 time a day during the entire stay in the region (no more than 3 weeks). Treatment of leptospirosis - 100 mg orally 2 times a day for 7 days. prevention of leptospirosis - 200 mg once a week during a stay in a disadvantaged area and 200 mg at the end of the trip. Prevention of infections after medical abortion - 100 mg 1 hour before abortion and 200 mg - 30 minutes after. With acne - 100 mg / day, the course - 6-12 weeks. The maximum daily doses for adults are up to 300 mg / day or up to 600 mg / day for 5 days with severe gonococcal infections. In the presence of severe liver failure, a decrease in the daily dose of doxycycline is required, since this causes its gradual accumulation in the body (risk of a hepatotoxic action).
Side effects
On the part of the nervous system, benign increase in intracranial pressure (loss of appetite, vomiting, headache, edema of the optic nerve head), toxic effects on the central nervous system (dizziness or instability), Metabolic disturbances anorexia. .Of the organs of vision, blurred vision, scotoma and diplopia as a result of increased intracranial pressure. On the part of the digestive system, nausea, constipation or diarrhea, abdominal pain, glossitis, d sfagiya, esophagitis (includingerosive), gastritis, ulceration of the stomach and duodenum, pseudomembranous colitis, heptococolonitis (due to proliferation of resistant strains of staphylococci). Allergic reactions maculopapular rash, pruritus, skin flushes, angioedema, anemic, gastrointestinal anemia, anemic, rash, pruritus, hyperemia of the skin, angioedema, and exfoliative dermatitis, urticaria, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, anaphylactoid reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome. From the side of the cardiovascular system, pericarditis, decrease in blood pressure , tachycardia, erythema multiforme. From the hematopoietic organs, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, leukopenia, eosinophilia, decrease in prothrombin index. . Violation of kidney and urinary tract function, increase in the level of residual urea nitrogen. Other photosensitization, superinfection. sustained discoloration of tooth enamel, inflammation in the anogenital zone. Candidiasis (vaginitis, glossitis, stomatitis, proctitis), dysbacteriosis, a syndrome similar to serum sickness, toxic epidermal necrolysis.
special instructions
On the part of the nervous system, benign increase in intracranial pressure (loss of appetite, vomiting, headache, edema of the optic nerve head), toxic effects on the central nervous system (dizziness or instability), Metabolic disturbances anorexia. .Of the organs of vision, blurred vision, scotoma and diplopia as a result of increased intracranial pressure. On the part of the digestive system, nausea, constipation or diarrhea, abdominal pain, glossitis, d sphagia, esophagitis (including erosive), gastritis, ulceration of the stomach and diabetes, anomalies, pseudomembranous colitis, enterocolitis (due to proliferation of resistant strains of staphylococci). Allergic reactions maculopapular rash, pruritus, hyperemia, pruritus, hyperemia, allergic reactions. reactions, lupus erythematosus, erythematous rash, exfoliative dermatitis, urticaria, anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, anaphylactoid reactions,Stevens-Johnson syndrome. From the side of the cardiovascular system, pericarditis, lowering of arterial pressure, tachycardia, erythema multiforme. From the side of hematopoietic organs, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, leukopenia, eosinophilia, decrease in prothrombin index. levels of hepatic transaminases, autoimmune hepatitis, cholestasis. Musculoskeletal system arthralgia, myalgia. Violation of the kidney and urinary tract, increased residual urea nitrogen. Other photosensitivity, superinfection. sustained discoloration of tooth enamel, inflammation in the anogenital zone. Candidiasis (vaginitis, glossitis, stomatitis, proctitis), dysbacteriosis, a syndrome similar to serum sickness, toxic epidermal necrolysis.