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Active ingredients
Release form
Composition
Pharmacological effect
It has antiemetic effect. It also has a sedative, antihistamine effect. Inhibits the central nervous system, weakens the central anticholinergic effect of vestibular stimulation.
Pharmacological action is associated with the blockade of histamine H1 receptors and m-cholinergic receptors of the CNS. The antiemetic effect of dimenhydrinate is based on blocking the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata and its parasympatholytic action, which ultimately leads to relaxation of smooth muscles and suppression of the motility of the digestive tract, inhibition of the function of the salivary glands and inhibition of the emetic center.
Reduces or eliminates the endogenous effect of histamine. By blocking the effect of increased capillary permeability, dimenhydrinate is effective in allergic reactions (urticaria, vascular edema).
The effect manifests itself in 20–30 min and lasts for 4–6 h.
Pharmacokinetics
After ingestion, the drug is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, distributed to the organs and tissues.
Dimenhydrinate undergoes biotransformation in the liver and is completely excreted by the kidneys within 24 hours. T1 / 2 is about 3.5 hours. Small amounts can be excreted in breast milk.
Indications
sea and air sickness;
prevention and treatment of symptoms of vestibular and labyrinth disorders (dizziness, nausea, vomiting, with the exception of symptoms caused by antitumor therapy);
Meniere's disease.
Contraindications
hypersensitivity to dimenhydrinate and other components of the drug;
bronchial asthma;
epilepsy;
pregnancy (I term);
children's age up to 2 years.
Carefully:
prostatic hyperplasia with clinical manifestations, urinary retention, bladder neck obstruction;
angle-closure glaucoma (including predisposition to it), open-ended glaucoma;
in patients with stenosing peptic ulcer;
with hyperthyroidism;
in diseases of the circulatory system.
Precautionary measures
Do not administer in combination with cardiac glycosides, antipsychotics and alcohol.
Carefullyadminister simultaneously with drugs that have an ototoxic effect (the drug may mask the symptoms of hearing loss), with bismuth drugs, painkillers and psychotropic drugs (simultaneous use may lead to vision impairment).
During treatment it is necessary to refrain from driving a car and from work requiring increased attention.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
Contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy.
In the II and III trimesters - perhaps if the expected effect of therapy outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.
For the period of taking the drug feeding with breast milk should be suspended.
Dosage and administration
Inside
For the prevention of sea and air sickness - 30 minutes before the planned trip: for adults and children over 14 years old - 50–100 mg each (1–2 pills); children from 7 to 14 years old - 50 mg each (1 tab.); 2–6 years — 25–50 mg each (½ – 1 tab.). If necessary, the reception can be repeated.
With vestibular disorders - before meals: for adults - 50–100 mg 2-3 times a day (daily dose should not exceed 400 mg); children 6–14 years old — 25–50 mg 3 times a day (the daily dose should not exceed 150 mg).
Side effects
Adverse reactions, as a rule, are insignificant and are noted when taking doses exceeding those indicated in the instructions.
From the side of the central nervous system and sensory organs: fatigue, weakness, drowsiness, impaired concentration; occasionally - anxiety, depression, dizziness, headache, insomnia (especially in children), disturbance of accommodation, decreased night and color vision.
On the part of the digestive tract: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, dry mucous membranes in the mouth can be noted.
Allergic reactions: angioedema, urticaria, bronchospasm.
Other: in rare cases there may be a decrease in blood pressure, arrhythmia, dysuria.
Overdose
Symptoms: The first symptoms of overdose can occur within 0.5–2 h after administration of a dose of 25–250 mg / kg and manifest mainly in the form of headache, dizziness, drowsiness and fatigue. Subsequently, skin itching, dilation of skin vessels, dilated pupils and delayed reaction of pupils to light, accommodation disturbance, nystagmus, lowering of muscle tone and tendon reflexes, urinary retention, tachycardia, changes in blood pressure can join them.Then, symptoms of CNS depression may be noted: impaired speech, orientation in time and space, ataxia, coma, respiratory depression, perhaps psychomotor agitation.
In children, hallucinations, convulsions, and death may occur.
Treatment: gastric lavage, taking activated charcoal. If necessary, further treatment is carried out in the hospital with the appointment of symptomatic therapy.
Interaction with other drugs
Enhances the effect of atropine, tricyclic antidepressants, catecholamines, barbiturates, alcohol, sedatives and hypnotics, neuroleptics.
Weakens the effect of corticosteroids, anticoagulants.
Simultaneous administration of the drug with theophylline leads to an increase in theophylline concentration.
Reduces the depressive effect of acetylcholine on the heart muscle.
When taken simultaneously with amphetamine and its derivatives, acts as an antagonist.
Do not administer the drug simultaneously with ototoxic antibiotics (streptomycin, neomycin, viomycin, kanamycin, amikacin).
special instructions
Storage conditions
In the dark place at a temperature of no higher than 25 ° C.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Shelf life of the drug Siel
3 years.
Do not use after the expiration date printed on the package.