Oftan Timolol eye drops 0.5% 5 ml
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Active ingredients
Timolol
Release form
Drops
Composition
1 ml contains timolol maleate (in terms of timolol) 5.0 mg, excipients: benzalkonium chloride - 0.1 mg; sodium phosphate monosubstituted 2-water; sodium phosphate disubstituted 12-water; sodium hydroxide; water for injections;
Pharmacological effect
Antiglaucoma. The maximum reduction in intraocular pressure occurs after 1–2 hours and persists for 24 hours. It does not affect pupil size and accommodation;
Pharmacokinetics
When applied topically, it penetrates the cornea quickly. The effect manifests itself 20 minutes after instillation into the conjunctival cavity, Cmax in the aqueous humor of the eye is achieved in 1–2 hours. In a small amount it enters the systemic circulation by absorption through the vessels of the conjunctiva, the mucous membrane of the nose and the lacrimal tract. The removal of metabolites is carried out mainly by the kidneys. In newborns and young children, the concentration of the active substance significantly exceeds its Cmax in the plasma of adults;
Indications
Increased intraocular pressure (ocular hypertension), open-angle glaucoma, glaucoma on the aphakic eye and other types of secondary glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma - as an additional remedy (in combination with myotics) to reduce intraocular pressure, congenital glaucoma (with other therapeutic measures);
Contraindications
Increased individual sensitivity to timolol or benzalkonium chloride, history of bronchial asthma or other severe chronic obstructive respiratory diseases, sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular blockade grade II or III, severe heart failure .; Use with caution in patients with pulmonary insufficiency, severe cerebrovascular insufficiency, chronic heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, thyrotoxicosis, myasthenia, as well as the simultaneous appointment of other beta-blockers;
Use during pregnancy and lactation
There is not enough experience in the use of the drug during pregnancy, breastfeeding and in children, but it has been established that timolol passes the placental barrier and enters breast milk.It can be used to treat children, pregnant women and nursing mothers as prescribed by the attending physician, if the expected effect exceeds the risk of possible side effects.; If the drug was used immediately before birth or during breastfeeding, then newborns should be under close observation for several days after birth and during the entire period of treatment of nursing mothers with the drug;
Dosage and administration
Conjunctival. 1-2 drops to the affected eye 2 times a day .; If the intraocular pressure with normal use is normalized, it is necessary to limit the dosage to 1 time per day, 1 drop in the morning;
Side effects
Local: irritation and hyperemia of the conjunctiva, burning and itching in the eyes, tearing, punctate superficial keratopathy, corneal hypesthesia, dry eyes .; Since the cardiovascular system: bradycardia, bradyarrhythmia, lowering blood pressure, collapse, AV blockade, transient disorders of cerebral circulation .; On the part of the respiratory system: shortness of breath, bronchospasm, pulmonary insufficiency .; Of the nervous system: headache, dizziness, weakness .; Allergic reactions: urticaria .; In the event of side effects, discontinue use of the drug and contact your doctor (ophthalmologist) as soon as possible;
Overdose
Perhaps the development of general resorptive effects characteristic of beta-blockers: dizziness, headache, arrhythmia, bradycardia, bronchospasm, nausea, vomiting .; Treatment: immediately rinse eyes with water or saline, symptomatic therapy;
Interaction with other drugs
Sharing with adrenaline eye drops can cause pupil dilation .; The specific effect of the drug - reduction of intraocular pressure - increases with simultaneous use of eye drops containing epinephrine and pilocarpine. Two beta-blockers should not be instilled into the eyes .; Decrease in blood pressure and slow heart rate can be enhanced by the joint use of the drug with calcium antagonists, reserpine or systemic beta-blockers .; Concomitant use with insulin or oral antidiabetic drugs may result in hypoglycemia .; Timolol enhances the action of muscle relaxants, therefore, it is necessary to remove the drug 48 hours before the planned surgical intervention using general anesthesia .; These data may also apply to drugswhich were applied shortly before;
special instructions
A regular physician should be visited to measure intraocular pressure and corneal examination .; When transferring patients to treatment with timolol, a correction of refraction after the effects caused by previously applied myotics may be needed;