Encephabol suspension for oral administration 200 ml
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Active ingredients
Pyritinol
Release form
Suspension
Composition
Active ingredient: Pyritinol Concentration of active ingredient (mg): 80.5 mg
Pharmacological effect
Nootropic drug. Increases pathologically reduced metabolism in brain tissues, which is due to increased capture and utilization of glucose, increases nucleic acid metabolism and acetylcholine release in nerve cell synapses, improves cholinergic transmission in the nervous tissue. Pyritinol helps stabilize the structure of neuronal cell membranes and their function by inhibiting lysosomal enzymes, preventing the formation of free radicals. Encephabol improves the rheological properties of blood, increases the plasticity of erythro by increasing the ATP content in their membrane, which leads to a decrease in blood viscosity and improved blood flow. It improves blood circulation in ischemic brain areas, increases their oxygenation, and stimulates glucose metabolism in primary ischemic brain areas. As a result, memory indices are improved and impaired metabolic processes in the nervous tissue are restored, which contributes to the full functioning of its cells.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption and distribution After receiving the drug inside pyritinol is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability averages 85% (76-93%). After taking the drug inside a dose of 100 mg of Cmax pyritinol in plasma is achieved in 30-60 minutes. Binding to plasma proteins is 20-40%. Pyritinol and its metabolites penetrate the BBB, metabolites accumulate mainly in the gray matter of the brain. Upon repeated administration, cumulation is not observed. Metabolism and excretion Pyritinol quickly biotransformed to form the following major metabolites: 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methyl mercaptomethyl pyridine and 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methylsulfinylmethyl pyridine. Conjugated metabolites are excreted primarily by the kidneys. The total urinary excretion within 24 hours is 72.4-74.2%, with the majority of the dose being excreted within the first 4 hours after administration. Only 5% is excreted through the intestines. T1 / 2 is about 2.5 hours. Pharmacokinetics in special clinical situations. In case of impaired renal function, toxic concentrations are not reached.
Indications
- symptomatic treatment of dementia syndrome (including primary degenerative dementia, vascular dementia and mixed forms), accompanied by impaired memory, thinking, ability to concentrate, quick fatigue, lack of motivation and motivation, affective disorders; - Primary degenerative dementia, vascular dementia and mixed forms; - symptomatic therapy of chronic impairment of mental performance; - posttraumatic encephalopathy; - cerebral atherosclerosis; - effects of encephalitis; - impaired mental function; - cerebroasthenic syndrome in children; - Encephalopathy in children.
Contraindications
Absolute contraindications - hypersensitivity to pyritinol. Relative contraindications - a history of kidney disease; - severe liver dysfunction; - pronounced changes in the pattern of peripheral blood; - acute autoimmune diseases (including systemic lupus erythematosus); - myasthenia gravis; - pemphigus.
Precautionary measures
Use in pediatricsNot recommended to prescribe the drug in the evening and at night for children with increased excitability.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
If necessary, use of encephabol during pregnancy or lactation (breastfeeding) should relate the expected benefits to the mother and the potential risk to the fetus or infant. Pyritinol penetrates the placental barrier, in small quantities excreted in breast milk. embryotoxic action pyritinol.
Dosage and administration
The dosage regimen is set individually, depending on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of therapy. For adults, the average dose is 600 mg / day (2 tab. Or 10 ml of suspension 3 times / day). Newborn encephabol is prescribed from 3 days after birth to 20 mg (1 ml of suspension) per day for a month, the drug should be given in the morning. In children aged 2 months and older, the dose is increased by 20 mg (1 ml) every week until the daily dose reaches 100 mg (5 ml of suspension). Children aged 1 to 7 years should be administered in a daily dose of 50 mg to 300 mg, depending on the indication (2. 5-5 ml of suspension, 1-3 times / day).For children over 7 years of age, the daily dose is from 50 mg to 600 mg (2. 5-10 ml of suspension or 1-2 pills. 1-3 times / day). Take the drug should be during or after a meal. In case of sleep disorders, the last daily dose should not be taken in the evening or at night. It should be borne in mind that in 1 teaspoon - 5 ml of suspension. The duration of treatment depends on the clinical picture of the disease. In acute conditions and the appointment of the drug in high doses, a noticeable therapeutic effect is achieved after a few hours or days. In chronic diseases (including the effects of traumatic brain injury or dementia), a significant therapeutic success is achieved after 2-4 weeks of treatment. The optimal and lasting effect usually occurs after 6-12 weeks. The duration of treatment for chronic diseases should be at least 8 weeks. In newborns with a high risk of developing perinatal pathology, the average duration of treatment is 6 months, while after 3 months you should check for indications for further treatment.
Side effects
On the part of the digestive system: possible nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; rarely - loss of appetite, change in taste sensitivity, abnormal liver function (increased transaminase levels, cholestasis). From the side of the central nervous system: possible sleep disorders; rarely, irritability, headache, dizziness, fatigue. Other: possible allergic reactions of varying severity, usually manifested in the form of rashes on the skin or mucous membranes, itching, fever. At use of drug according to indications in the recommended doses development of side effects is improbable.
Overdose
Symptoms: increased side effects. Treatment: gastric lavage, the appointment of activated carbon. If necessary, conduct symptomatic therapy.
Interaction with other drugs
With the simultaneous use of encephabol can potentiate the side effects of penicillamine, gold preparations and sulfasalazine. Clinically significant interaction of encephabol with other drugs is not installed.
special instructions
In patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic diseases of the joints, there is a hypersensitivity to compounds that include the SH group, includingto pyritinol. These patients have an increased risk of hypersensitivity reactions, immunopathological reactions, as well as disorders of taste sensitivity and liver function. When treating this category of patients, systematic monitoring of general blood, urine, liver function, and immunological parameters is necessary. Encephabol suspension should not be administered to patients with fructose intolerance, because The drug contains sorbol. Reactions of hypersensitivity to the drug may occur in patients with hypersensitivity to D-penicillamine, since the latter has similarity to pyritinol in chemical structure (thiol groups). Effect on ability to drive motor vehicles and control mechanisms As a rule, there are no restrictions for those activities that require increased attention, quick psychomotor reactions. However, given the likelihood of individual differences in the response of individual patients to the drug, at the beginning of treatment and with increasing doses, the possibility of impairment of the speed of psychomotor reactions should be considered.