Zofran pills for resorption 8mg N10
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Active ingredients
Ondansetron
Release form
Pills
Composition
Active ingredient: Ondansetron; Concentration of active ingredient (mg): 8 mg
Pharmacological effect
Antiemetic. Effectively prevents and eliminates nausea and vomiting that occur during antitumor chemotherapy or radiation therapy, as well as in the postoperative period. The mechanism of action is due to the ability of ondansetron to selectively block serotonin 5-HT3 receptors. It is believed that in the occurrence of nausea and vomiting during antitumor therapy an important role is played by stimulation of the afferent fibers of the vagus nerve with serotonin released from the enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa. By blocking 5-HT3 receptors, ondansetron prevents the occurrence of gag reflex. In addition, ondansetron inhibits the central links of the gag reflex, blocking 5-HT3 receptors of the bottom of the IV ventricle (area postrema).
Pharmacokinetics
After oral administration, ondansetron is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Exposed to the "first pass" effect through the liver. Protein binding is high (70-76%). It is biotransformed in the liver, mainly by hydroxylation. The average T1 / 2 in adult patients is about 4 hours. When the liver dysfunction, an increase in T1 / 2 is noted.
Indications
Prevention and elimination of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy, as well as postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to any component of the drug, pregnancy and lactation. ; Children's age up to 2 years (safety and efficacy have not been studied)
Use during pregnancy and lactation
Ondansetron is contraindicated for use in the first trimester of pregnancy. If necessary, use during lactation should stop breastfeeding.
Dosage and administration
Nausea and vomiting during cytostatic chemotherapy or radiotherapy; The choice of dosing regimen is determined by the emethogenicity of antitumor therapy. For adults, the daily dose is usually 8-32 mg, the following regimens are recommended. With moderate emetogenic chemotherapy or radiotherapy: 8 mg of ondansetron 1-2 hours before the start of the main therapy, followed by another 8 mg after 12 hours.; For highly chemotherapeutic chemotherapy: The recommended dose is 24 mg simultaneously with sodium dexamethasone phosphate orally at a dose of 12 mg 1-2 hours before the start of chemotherapy. To prevent late or prolonged vomiting that occurs after 24 hours, you should continue taking Zofran syrup at a dose of 8 mg twice a day for 5 days. ; Children; Zofran is usually injected as a solution for injection once intravenously immediately before the start of chemotherapy, followed by oral administration at a dose of 4 mg after 12 hours. After completing the course of chemotherapy, it is necessary to continue taking Zofran syrup at a dose of 4 mg twice a day for 5 days. ; Nausea and vomiting in the postoperative period; Adults; To prevent nausea and vomiting in the postoperative period, it is recommended to take 16 mg of Zofran orally 1 hour before anesthesia. For relief of postoperative nausea and vomiting, Zofran solution is used for injections. ; Children; To prevent and relieve postoperative nausea and vomiting in children, Zofran is prescribed as an intravenous injection. ; Elderly patients; Dosage changes are not required. ; Patients with renal insufficiency. No special changes in dosage, frequency of administration or route of administration are required. ; Patients with impaired liver function; The daily dose of ondansetron should not exceed 8 mg per day. ; Patients with slow metabolism of Spartein / Debrisocvine. ; Correction of the daily dose or frequency of receiving ondansetron is not required.
Side effects
Allergic reactions: urticaria, bronchospasm, laryngism, angioedema, anaphylaxis. ; On the part of the digestive system: hiccups, dry mouth, constipation or diarrhea, sometimes asymptomatic transient increase in liver tests. ; On the part of the cardiovascular system: pain in the chest, in some cases with depression of the ST segment, arrhythmias, bradycardia, lowering blood pressure. ; Nervous system: headache, dizziness, spontaneous movement disorders and seizures. ; Others: flushing, feeling hot, temporary visual acuity, hypokalemia, hypercreatininemia.
Overdose
Currently, no cases of overdose have been reported.
Interaction with other drugs
Due to the fact that ondansetron is metabolized in the liver by isoenzymes of the cytochrome P450 system, with simultaneous use with drugs that are inducers or inhibitors of this enzyme system, changes in clearance and T1 / 2 of ondansetron are possible.
special instructions
When used in patients with moderate and severely impaired liver function, it is not recommended to exceed a dose of 8 mg / day; Ondansetron is used with caution in surgical interventions on the abdominal cavity, since its use may mask progressive intestinal obstruction.